Manejo de la hipoxia durante ventilación unipulmonar en un paciente con absceso mediastinal y mediastinitis para toracotomía abierta. Reporte de caso / Hypoxia Management during One-Lung Ventilation in a Patient with Mediastinal Abscess and Mediastinitis for Open Thoracotomy. Case Report

Introducción: la mayoría de los pacientes que se someten a cirugía torácica pueden ser clasificados en el grupo de alto riesgo para hipoxia, especialmente cuando se decide por una ventilación unipulmonar, debido al desequilibrio V/Q; por lo tanto, se han desa-rrollado nuevas estrategias ventilatorias y maniobras de rescate para hipoxia. Curso clínico: presentamos una paciente de 85 años de edad sin comorbilidades programada para toracotomía abierta y manejada con ventilación unipulmonar. Durante el mane-jo anestésico, se presenta hipoxia secundaria a desequilibrio V/Q y choque hipovolémi-co hemorrágico, con respuesta positiva a las maniobras de rescate para hipoxia. Con-clusión: es importante prevenir en la medida de lo posible la hipoxia en la ventilación unipulmonar, siguiendo las nuevas estrategias ventilatorias. Sin embargo, cuando se presenta una crisis, no debemos retrasar las maniobras de rescate de forma moderna. (AU)

Introduction: most of the patients undergoing thoracic surgery fit in the high risk group for hypoxia, especially when deciding to use one-lung ventilation due to the V/Q mis-match; therefore, new ventilation strategies and hypoxia rescue manoeuvres have been developed. Clinical course: we present an 85-year old female with no major co-morbidities scheduled for open thoracotomy and managed with one-lung ventilation. During the course of the anaesthetic management, hypoxia presents secondary to V/Q mismatch and haemorrhagic hypovolemic shock, with a positive response to hypoxia rescue manoeuvres. Conclusion: it is important to prevent as much as we can the hy-poxia in a one-lung ventilation following the new ventilation strategies. Although when facing a crisis, proper hypoxia management with a modern approach should not be de-layed. (AU)

"Massive hemoptysis" and shock after fever and cough / 中国当代儿科杂志

A boy, aged 11 years, was admitted due to intermittent fever for 15 days, cough for 10 days, and "hemoptysis" for 7 days. The boy had fever and cough with left neck pain 15 days ago, and antibiotic treatment was effective. During the course of disease, the boy developed massive "hemoptysis" which caused shock. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a left pyriform sinus fistula with continuous bleeding. In combination with neck and vascular imaging examination results, the boy was diagnosed with internal jugular vein injury and thrombosis due to congenital pyriform sinus fistula infection and neck abscess. The boy was improved after treatment with temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation for the closure of pyriform sinus fistula, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up for one year and six months. No reports of massive hemorrhage and shock due to pyriform sinus fistula infection were found in the searched literature, and this article summarizes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this boy, so as to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of such disease and the prevention and treatment of its complications.

Absceso frío tuberculoso. Revisión de la literatura a propósito de cinco casos en Angola / Tuberculous cold abscess. Literature review on five cases in Angola

RESUMEN Introducción: El absceso frío tuberculoso es la forma clínica más frecuente de tuberculosis cutánea. Objetivo: Familiarizar a los médicos generales con las características clínicas del absceso tuberculoso frío para asegurar su diagnóstico y tratamiento específico en la consulta de Cirugía del Hospital General N'gola Kimbanda en Namibe, Angola en 2018. Método: Se revisó la literatura sobre el tema en bases de datos científicas como Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Clinical Key, LILACS con los descriptores: tuberculosis extrapulmonar y absceso frío tuberculoso. Resultados: Los pacientes, tres varones y dos hembras, tres adultos y dos infantes, todos desnutridos, con antecedentes de tuberculosis pulmonar y mal de Pott que fueron enviados a consulta con el diagnóstico de lipoma. En todos los casos se diagnosticó absceso frío tuberculoso, 3 de localización lumbar, 1 toracolumbar y 1 lumbosacra confirmados por microbiología y tratados según los protocolos de las especialidades de Cirugía y Neumología. Conclusiones: Es necesario que los estudiantes de Medicina, médicos generales y especialistas que en su desempeño enfrentan a dichos pacientes dentro y fuera de Cuba se empoderen de las características semiológicas del, también llamado, goma tuberculoso, a fin de identificarlo en los pacientes de riesgo y garantizar su tratamiento médico-quirúrgico específico para evitar la discapacidad y mortalidad asociada a esta temida infección que sigue constituyendo un azote social.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculous cold abscess is the most common clinical form of skin tuberculosis. Objective: To familiarize general physicians with the clinical characteristics of tuberculous cold abscesses to ensure their diagnosis and specific treatment at the Surgery Department of the N'gola Kimbanda General Hospital in Namibe, Angola in 2018. Method: Literature on the subject was reviewed in scientific databases such as Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Clinical Key and LILACS with the following descriptors: extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous cold abscess. Results: The patients, three males and two females, three adults and two infants, all of them malnourished, with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and Pott's Disease, who were sent for consultation with a diagnosis of lipoma. In all cases, tuberculous cold abscesses were diagnosed, 3 of them in lumbar location, 1 in thoracolumbar and 1 in lumbosacral locations, confirmed by microbiology and treated according to the protocols of the specialties of Surgery and Pneumology. Conclusions: It is necessary that students of Medicine, general physicians and specialists who face these patients inside and outside of Cuba to gain in knowledge with the semiological characteristics of the tuberculous cold abscess, also known as tuberculous gum, in order to identify it in the patients in risk groups, and to guarantee their specific medical-surgical treatment to avoid the disability and mortality associated to this infection that still constitutes a major issue.

Anal abscess microbiology as an anal fistula predictor / Microbiologia de abscesso anal como preditivo de fístula anal

ABSTRACT In order to determine the microbiology of anal abscess as a predictor of anal fistulas in patients who attended the external consultation of the Coloproctology unit of the Dr. Antonio María Pineda University Central Hospital, a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted from September 2018 to July 2019. In this study, the population consisted of patients with a diagnosis of anal abscess, without associated comorbidities or contraindications for surgery, who agreed to be included in the study. A non-probabilistic, intentional sample consisting of 42 patients was determined. An appointment-based study protocol was applied by outpatient for patients who met the inclusion criteria applied, to perform due medical history through anamnesis, physical examination and culture taking of suppuration from the anal abscess to subsequently establish medical and surgical behavior thereof. The results were expressed in absolute numbers and percentages, a prevalence of ischiorectal abscesses was observed, followed by deep post-anal space abscesses. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 100% of the sample. In all fistulized patients, E. Coli was isolated as a predominant germ.

RESUMO Um estudo prospectivo, descritivo e longitudinal foi realizado de setembro de 2018 a Julho 2019 para determinar a microbiologia do abscesso anal como preditivo de fístulas anais em pacientes que compareceram à consulta externa da unidade de Coloproctologia do Hospital Central da Universidade Dr. Antonio María Pineda. Neste estudo, a população foi composta por pacientes com diagnóstico de abscesso anal, sem comorbidades ou contraindicações associadas à cirurgia, que concordaram em participar do estudo. Uma amostra intencional não probabilística, composta por 42 pacientes foi determinada. Um protocolo de estudo com base na consulta em regime ambulatorial foi aplicado aos pacientes que atenderam os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, para realizar a anamnese, o exame físico e a devida cultura da supuração do abscesso anal para posteriormente estabelecer o comportamento médico e cirúrgico. Os resultados foram expressos em números absolutos e porcentagens, observando-se a prevalência de abscessos isquiorretais, seguidos por abscessos profundos no espaço pós-anal. Bactérias anaeróbias foram isoladas em 100% das amostras. Em todos os pacientes com fístulas, E. Coli foi isolada como um germe predominante.

Abscesos profundos de cuello en pediatría: experiencia del Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río entre los años 2011 y 2018 / Pediatric deep neck abscesses: Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital 2011-2018 experience

RESUMEN Introducción: Los abscesos profundos de cuello son colecciones de pus alojadas en los espacios profundos cervicales. En la población pediátrica son poco frecuentes, sin embargo, pueden presentar complicaciones potencialmente mortales. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes que consultan por abscesos profundos del cuello en el Servicio de Urgencia Pediátrico del Hospital Dr. Sótero del Rio. Material y método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo con datos obtenidos de fichas clínicas de pacientes. Se realizó una revisión de fichas clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con abscesos profundos de cuello en el Servicio de Urgencia Pediátrica del Hospital Sótero del Río entre los años 2011 y 2018. Se analizaron variables clínicas (anamnesis, examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio generales y específicos y su manejo) y demográficas. Los resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y rango, utilizando Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Resultados: Se incluyeron 41 pacientes entre 0 y 15 años, con un promedio de edad de 7,2 años. Sesenta y tres por ciento de los pacientes fueron de sexo masculino. Se presentaron 23 (56%) pacientes con abscesos periamigdalinos (PA), 12 (29,2%) con abscesos retrofaríngeos (RF), 5 (12,1%) con abscesos parafaríngeos (PF) y 1 (2,4%) con absceso de tipo mixto (RF- PF). El 60% de los pacientes recibió algún tratamiento médico previo. Se realizó estudio imagenológico en 83% de los pacientes. Todos los pacientes presentaron parámetros inflamatorios elevados. En el 80% de los pacientes se realizó tratamiento médico y algún tipo de drenaje. Conclusiones: Los abscesos profundos del cuello son una entidad relativamente poco frecuente en pediatría, pero potencialmente peligrosa si no se detecta a tiempo, por lo que debemos tener un alto índice de sospecha para evitar las complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Deep neck abscesses are pus collections lodged in the deep cervical spaces. They are rare in the pediatric population, however, they can present life-threatening complications. Objective: To characterize the patients who consult for deep neck abscesses in the pediatric emergency department of Dr. Sótero del Rio Hospital. Material and method: Descriptive retrospective study. A review of clinical records of patients diagnosed with deep neck abscesses in the pediatric emergency department of Dr. Sótero del Rio Hospital between 2011 and 2018 was made. The clinical (anamnesis, physical exam, general and specific laboratory exams and management) and demographic characteristics were evaluated. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency and range, using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Results: Forty-one patients between 0 and 15 years of age were included, with an average age of 7.2 years. 63% of the patients were male. There were 23 (56%) patients with peritonsillar abscesses (PA), 12 (29.2%) with retropharyngeal abscesses (RF), 5 (12.1%) with parapharyngeal abscesses (PF) and 1 (2.4%) with abscess of mixed type (RF-PF). 60% of the patients received some previous medical treatment. An imaging study was performed in 83% of the patients. All the patients presented high inflammatory parameters. In 80% of patients, medical treatment and some type of drainage were performed. Conclusions: Deep abscesses of the neck are a relatively rare entity in pediatrics, but potentially dangerous if not detected in time, so we must have a high index of suspicion to avoid complications.

Epidemiology and outcomes of anal abscess in patients on chronic dialysis: a 14-year retrospective study

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this retrospective study to elucidate the clinical presentation and outcomes of anal abscess in chronic dialysis patients. METHODS: We performed a chart review of patients who were hospitalized for anal abscess from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2015. A total of 3,074 episodes of anal abscess were identified. Of these, 43 chronic dialysis patients with first-time anal abscess were enrolled. Patients were divided into a surgical group and a nonsurgical group according to the treatment received during hospitalization. The baseline characteristics, clinical findings, treatments and outcomes were obtained and analyzed. The endpoints of this study were in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality and one-year recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 27 (62.7%) received surgical treatment, and 16 (37.2%) received antibiotic treatment alone. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, comorbidities, or dialysis characteristics between the two groups. Perianal abscess was the most common type of anal abscess, and 39.5% of patients experienced fistula formation. Most patients had mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora. Our data demonstrate that there was no significant difference in hospital stay, one-year survival or recurrence rate between the surgical group and nonsurgical group. However, there was a trend toward better in-hospital survival in patients who received surgical treatment (p=0.082). CONCLUSION: In chronic dialysis patients with anal abscess, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical presentation and outcomes between the surgical and nonsurgical groups, although the surgical group had a trend of better in-hospital survival.

Operación de Bascom para el tratamiento de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcígea abscedada: experiencia inicial / Bascom operation for the treatment of abscessed pilonidal sacrococcygeal disease: initial experience

Resumen Introducción: Una de las formas de presentación de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcígea (EPSC) es el absceso, para el que existen distintas alternativas de tratamiento. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia con la técnica de Bascom para el tratamiento de la EPSC abscedada. Material y Método: Serie prospectiva, consecutiva y no aleatoria. Incluye todos los pacientes mayores de 15 años que presentan un absceso o supuración masiva al momento de la cirugía. Resultados: La serie corresponde a 10 pacientes, 7 de género masculino. No se encuentran los factores de riesgo reconocidos por la literatura como riesgo de EPSC. Ocho pacientes mejoran completamente en un período máximo de 18 días y 2 presentan supuración persistente, por lo que se considera fracaso del tratamiento. Estos son sometidos a una segunda cirugía con otra técnica, con curación de la enfermedad. Conclusión: La técnica de Bascom es sencilla, segura y ofrece una curación de un 80% en un período corto de cicatrización.

Introduction: One of the form of presentation of the sacral coccygeal pilonidal disease is the abscess, for this cases there are various treatment alternatives. Objective: We present our experience with Bascom technique for the treatment of pilonidal abscess. Material and Method: Prospective, consecutive, non-randomized series. It includes all patients older than 15 years who have an abscess or mass discharge at the time of surgery. Results: The series consists of 10 patients, 7 males. They are not risk factors recognized in the literature as risk of pilonidal disease. Eight patients completely better within a maximum period of 18 days and two with persistent discharge by what is considered treatment failure. They were subjected to a second surgery treatment with another technique with good results. Conclusion: Bascom's technique is simple, safe and offers a 80% cure in a short period of healing.

Management of prostate abscess in the absence of guidelines

ABSTRACT In contemporary practice, the number of patients presenting with prostatic abscess have significantly declined due to the widespread use of antibiotics. However, when faced with the pathology, prostatic abscess tends to pose a challenge to clinicians due to the difficulty of diagnosis and lack of guidelines for treatment. Treatment consists of an array of measures including parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotic administration and abscess drainage.

Manejo endoscópico de anomalías del cuarto arco branquial: reporte de tres casos / Endoscopic management of anomalies of the fourth branchial arch: report of three cases

Las anomalías de cuarto arco branquial corresponden a una entidad patológica infrecuente. Para su manejo existen distintas alternativas terapéuticas siendo una de ellas la cauterización endoscópica. Reportamos 3 casos de senos de cuarto arco branquial tratados mediante cauterización endoscópica en el Hospital Regional de Concepción luego de una revisión de fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de anomalías de cuarto arco branquial. Se identificaron tres casos de senos de cuarto arco branquial. Todos corresponden a pacientes de sexo masculino que presentaron cuadro de absceso cervical, diagnosticándose 2 de ellos al presentar recurrencia. Todos fueron tratados mediante cauterización endoscópica de la apertura fistulosa en seno piriforme. Estas anomalías representan vestigios de un trayecto que se origina desde el vértice del seno piriforme. La cauterización endoscópica presenta una serie de ventajas con tasas de recurrencia similares a la cirugía abierta de cuello, menores tasas de complicaciones y costo económico. Las anomalias de cuarto arco branquial constituyen una patología infrecuente y el diagnóstico requiere alta sospecha clínica. El manejo endoscópico ha demostrado ser una alternativa segura y efectiva con menor tasa de complicaciones.

Anomalies of the fourth branchial arch correspond to an uncommon pathological entity. There are different therapeutic alternatives being one of them the endoscopic cauterization. We report 3 cases of fourth branchial arch anomalies treated by endoscopic cauterization in the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Review of clinical records of all patients with diagnosis of fourth branchial anomalies operated by endoscopic cauterization at the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Cases: Three cases of fourth branchial arch sinus were identified. All of them were male patients who presented with a cervical abscess, diagnosing 2 of them when they recurred. All 3 cases were treated by endoscopic cauterization of the fistulous opening in the piriform sinus. These anomalies represent vestiges of a path that originates from the apex of the piriform sinus. Endoscopic cauterization presents a number of advantages with recurrence rates similar to open neck surgery, with lower complication rates and economic cost. Fourth branchial anomalies constitute an uncommon pathology and the diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion. Endoscopic management has proven to be a safe and effective alternative with a lower rate of complications.

Masa selar, no siempre un adenoma: presentación de 3 casos clínicos / A sellar mass, not always an adenoma: A report of 3 cases

El absceso hipofisario es un proceso infeccioso dentro de la silla turca, infrecuente, grave y de difícil diagnóstico debido a sintomatología variada e inespecífica. Presentamos 3 casos clínicos de abscesos hipofisarios, teniendo en común la presencia de lesiones preexistentes. Todos fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente, 2 pacientes resultaron ser abscesos asépticos y en un paciente se aisló Aspergillus capsulatum. Presentaron buena evolución con el tratamiento médico pero con secuelas de hipopituitarismo. Es muy importante tener en cuenta el absceso hipofisario entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de las masas que se localicen en esa región debido a que el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento correcto son relevantes para el pronóstico de estos pacientes.

Pituitary abscess is due to a severe and uncommon infection in the sella. It is difficult to diagnose due to varied and non-specific symptoms. A report is presented of 3 cases of pituitary abscess, which had the presence of pre-existing injuries in common. All were subjected to surgery, with aseptic abscesses found in 2 patients, and Aspergillus capsulatum was isolated in 1 patient. They showed good progress with medical treatment, but with sequelae of hypopituitarism. It is very important to consider the pituitary abscess in the differential diagnosis of the masses that are located in that region, as a timely diagnosis and proper treatment can be important for the prognosis of these patients.

Incidence of fistula after management of perianal abscess / Incidência de fistulas em seguida ao tratamento de abscesso perianal

Background: Perianal fistula is among the most common anorectal diseases encountered in adults, men are more prone to be affected than women. There is a close relationship of abscess and fistula in etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, therapy, complications and morbidity, it is appropriate to consider them as one entity. Aim of study: To determine the incidence of fistula formation and recurrent abscess in a sample of Iraqi patients in Baghdad and decide whether primary fistulotomy should be performed at the time of incision and drainage of perianal abscesses. Patients and methods: A retrospective study of 68 patients with perianal abscess operations conducted in Baghdad. They underwent incision and drainage under either local or general anesthesia at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospitals and private hospitals over a 15-year period from January 2000 to December 2015. Their ages ranged from 20 to 68 years (40.21 ± 1.34) males (63/68) (92.64%) were more than females (5/68) (7.35%). Patients were treated with incision over the abscess under anesthesia and drainage of the abscess was done. The patients were followed up for an average 18 months (range 12-24 months) after abscess drainage or until a fistula appeared and abscess recurrence. Results: The study group comprised of 68 (92.64%) patients with perianal abscess with a median age 39 years (range 20-68 years). The mean follow-up period was identified to be 18 months (range 12-24 months). Males (63/68) (92.64%) were more than females (5/68) (7.35%). The incidence of fistula formation after follow up, the patients with perianal abscess after incision and drainage was 31/68 (45.58%) and males (30/31) (44.11%) were more than females (1/31) (1.47%). The most common site was posterior then left lateral position. The percentage of patients with recurrent abscess n = 6 (8.82%)were lower than fistula formation n = 31 (45.58%). The percentage of males n = 4/6 (5.88%) were more than females 2/6 (2.94%). Conclusions: The incidence of anal fistula in a sample of Iraqi patients with perianal abscess was 45.58% and percentage of recurrence of perianal abscess was 8.82%. To avoid division of anal sphincter muscle, secondary fistulotomy is advised to be done later when anal fistula will be formed.

Experiência: A fistula perianal está entre as mais comuns doenças anorretais observadas em adultos; os homens demonstram maior tendência para serem afetados, em comparação com as mulheres. Existe íntima relação entre abscessos e fistulas em termos e etiologia, anatomia, fisiopatologia, tratamento, complicações e morbidade; assim, é cabível considerá-los como uma mesma entidade. Objetivo do estudo: Determinar a incidência de formação de fístulas e de abscesso recorrente em uma amostra de pacientes iraquianos em Bagdá, e decidir se a fistulotomia primária deve ser realizada por ocasião da incisão e drenagem de abscessos perianais. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 68 pacientes com operações para abscesso perianal realizadas em Bagdá. Foi realizada incisão e drenagem sob anestesia local ou geral no Hospital-Escola Al-Kindy e em hospitais privados ao longo de um período de 15 anos, de janeiro de 2000 até dezembro de 2015. As idades variavam de 20 a 68 (40,21 ± 1,34) anos. Havia maior número de homens (63/68) (92,64%) do que de mulheres (5/68)(7,35%). Os pacientes tiveram o abscesso tratado sob anestesia, e foi realizada a drenagem do abscesso. Os pacientes foram monitorados, em média, durante 18 meses (variação, 12-24 meses) após a drenagem do abscesso, ou até o surgimento de uma fístula e recorrência do abscesso. Resultados: O grupo de estudo compreendeu 68 (92,64%) pacientes com abscesso perianal, com idade mediana de 39 anos (variação, 20-68 anos). O período médio de seguimento foi de 18 meses (variação, 12-24 meses). Havia maior número de homens (63/68) (92,64%) versus mulheres (5/68) (7,35%). No seguimento, a incidência de formação de fístula nos pacientes com abscesso perianal após a incisão e drenagem foi de 31/68 (45,58%), e os homens foram mais afetados (30/31) (44,11%) versus mulheres (1/31) (1,47%). O local mais comum foi a posição posterior e, em seguida, a lateral esquerda. O percentual de pacientes com abscesso recorrente (6, 8,82%) foi mais baixo do que o percentual para pacientes com formação de fístula (31, 45,58%). O percentual de homens (4/6, 5,88%) foi maior versus mulheres (2/6, 2,94%). Conclusões: A incidência de fístula anal em uma amostra de pacientes iraquianos com abscesso perianal foi de 45,58% e o percentual de recorrência de abscesso perianal foi de 8,82%. Para evitar a divisão do músculo esfinctérico anal, é aconselhável fazer uma fistulotomia secundária mais tarde, quando a fístula anal já estiver formada.

Perianal abscess: a descriptive analysis of cases treated at the Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo / Abscesso perianal: análise descritiva de casos atendidos no Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo

Abstract Introduction Perianal suppurations have an incidence of 1-2:10,000 inhabitants per year and represent about 5% of proctology consultations, more frequently in males, being rare in childhood. Although perianal or anorectal abscess is an entity of relatively simple diagnosis and treatment, in a considerable percentage of patients difficulties will be found, especially considering that the initial treatment of these patients is performed by non-specialist physicians. Objective This is a retrospective survey of cases of perianal and anorectal abscess operated in Santa Marcelina Hospital between October 2011 and December 2014. Patients and methods A retrospective study of patients operated on an emergency basis for perianal and/or anorectal abscess in Santa Marcelina Hospital between October 2011 and December 2014, being excluded patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Data of gender, age, clinical presentation, the season of the year in which the abscess occurred, time of progression of symptoms, comorbidities, signs of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) on admission, surgeries carried out, reoperations and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results Electronic medical records of 52 patients (73.1% male) who underwent surgical treatment of anorectal and perianal abscess were analyzed. The mean overall age was 43.03 years, and all patients reported pain as the main symptom, with a mean time of symptoms of 6.5 days. As for the season of the year of onset and diagnosis of perianal abscess, 61.5% of patients had this pathology in the summer and spring months. Conclusion In our study, it can be observed a higher incidence of perianal abscess in males and in the warmer months; furthermore, just over half of the patients developed perianal fistula in their progression.

Resumo Introdução As supurações perianais apresentam uma incidência de 1-2:10000 habitantes por ano e representam cerca de 5% das consultas proctológicas, com maior frequência no sexo masculino, sendo raras na infância. Embora o abscesso perianal ou anorretal seja de diagnóstico e tratamento relativamente simples, uma percentagem considerável representa maior dificuldade para tal, notadamente pelo fato do atendimento inicial desses pacientes ser realizado por médicos não especialistas. Objetivo Levantamento retrospectivo dos casos de abscesso perianal e anorretal operados no Hospital Santa Marcelina entre outubro de 2011 e dezembro de 2014. Casuística e método Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes operados em caráter de urgência por abscesso perianal e/ou anorretal no Hospital Santa Marcelina entre outubro de 2011 e dezembro de 2014, excluídos portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal. Analisaram-se dados de sexo, idade, quadro clínico, época do ano da ocorrência do abscesso, tempo de evolução dos sintomas, comorbidades, sinais de Síndrome da Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica (SIRS) na admissão, cirurgias realizadas, reoperações e desfecho clínico. Resultados Foram analisados prontuários eletrônicos de 52 pacientes submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico de abscesso anorretal e perianal, dos quais 73,1% pertenciam ao sexo masculino. A média de idade geral foi de 43,03 anos e todos os pacientes relataram dor como sintoma principal com média de tempo de sintomatologia de 6,5 dias. Quanto à época do ano do aparecimento e diagnóstico do abscesso perianal, 61,5% dos pacientes apresentaram a patologia nos meses de verão e primavera. Conclusão Em nosso trabalho, pode-se observar maior incidência de abscesso perianal no sexo masculino e nos meses mais quentes e que pouco mais da metade dos pacientes desenvolveram fístula perianal na evolução.

Abscesso subperiosteal com extensão epidural devido à rinossinusite aguda em criança de dez anos / Subperiosteal abscess with epidural extension due to acute rhinosinusitis in a ten-year-old child

RESUMO A rinossinusite aguda é uma das afecções mais prevalentes das vias aéreas superiores. Fatores anatômicos presentes em crianças e jovens propiciam o aparecimento de complicações orbitárias. Embora mais raras, as complicações intracranianas das rinossinusites perfazem um grau alto de letalidade, são mais comuns em pacientes acima de sete anos, e devem ser tratadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar.

ABSTRACT Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of the upper airways. Anatomical factors present in children and young people allow for the onset of orbital complications. Although rare, intracranial complications of sinusitis account for a high degree of lethality, are more common in patients over the age of seven, and should be treated by a multidisciplinary team.

Hipopituitarismo como debut de absceso hipofisiario / Hypopituitarism as debut of pituitary abscess

We present a case of a 20 years old woman who consults for amenorrhea and mild hyperprolactinemia. Within the functional study hypopituitarism was discover and MRI showed a cystic lesion with “ring” enhancement. Transsphenoidal resection was performed, showing purulent material. Cultures were positive for MSSA and Neisseria cinerea. Antibiotic treatment was started completing 21 days. She evolved without relapse but did not recovered pituitary function.

Abordagem cirúrgica de abscesso orbitário subperiosteal associado à fratura de órbita / Surgical approach of orbitalsubperiosteal abscess associated with the orbital fracture

As cavidades orbitárias com os espaços aéreos da face e a ocorrência de infecções advindas de sinusites para a órbita são frequentes especialmente devido à proximidade. Acometem mais comumente crianças com estado nutricional debilitado. Clinicamente apresentam os sinais flogísticos, além de deficit visual, diplopia, oftalmoplegia e proptose. Podem evoluir com complicações graves, como trombose do seio cavernoso e abscesso intracraniano. Estas infecções podem ser classificadas de acordo com sua gravidade. Os exames de imagem de escolha para o diagnóstico e planejamento dos casos são cortes axiais e coronais de tomografia computadorizada. O tratamento deve ser compatível com a gravidade do caso e reação do organismo à antibioticoterapia. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso clínico de paciente pediátrico que após trauma em face foi acometido por fratura em rebordo orbitário superior e desenvolveu posteriormente abscesso orbitário subperiosteal, discutindo os critérios clínicos e imaginológicos para o diagnóstico e a devida condução do caso.

The proximity of the orbital cavities to the air spaces of the face results in the occurrence of orbital infections resulting from sinusitis. Children with debilitated nutritional status are especially vulnerable. Clinically presents the inflammatory signs, and visual acuity deficit, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia and proptosis. Might also lead to severe complications such as cavernous sinus thrombosis and intracranial abscess. These infections can be classified according to their severity. Imaging tests of choice for the diagnosis and planning of cases include axial and coronal cuts of computed tomography. Treatment should be compatible with the severity of the case, taking into account the side effects of the antibiotics used. The objective of this paper is to report a case of a pediatric patient who sustained facial trauma resulting in fracture of the upper orbital rim and subsequently developed orbital subperiosteal abscess. We discuss the clinical and imaging criteria for successful diagnosis and treatment.

Absceso mediastínico con extensión espontánea a través de la pared torácica / Mediastinal abscess with spontaneous across chest wall extension

Introduction: Mediastinal abscess (MA) is a rare disease in the adult population. Generally presents as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with high morbidity and mortality. The prognosis improves with an early diagnosis associated with an aggressive surgical drainage. Clinical case: We report a clinical case with a MA with an unusual spontaneous extension across the chest wall.

Introducción: Los abscesos mediastínicos (AM) son una patología poco frecuente en la población adulta. Su presentación clínica más habitual es la de un síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) con una elevada morbimortalidad. Su pronóstico mejora con un diagnóstico temprano asociado a un drenaje quirúrgico agresivo y precoz. Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso clínico de un AM con una inusual extensión espontánea a través de la pared torácica.

Minimally invasive approach of tubo-ovarian abscesses / Tratamento minimamente invasivo dos abcessos tubo-ováricos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment outcome of tubo-ovarian abscesses managed by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of all patients with tubo-ovarian abscesses treated with a minimally invasive procedure, ultrasound-guided drainage, at the Department of Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, during a period of 5 years (from June 2009 to June 2014). RESULTS: Twenty-six cases were included in the study. The mean age of the study group was 42.8 years. All patients were submitted to transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and sclerosis with iodated solution, as well as received broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. The mean time from admission to drainage was 2.5 days. Cultures for aerobic and anaerobic pathogens were positive in 14 of the 26 cases. A complete response was noted in 23 of the 26 cases. No complications or morbidity were noted as a consequence of the drainage procedures. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive treatment of tubo-ovarian abscesses by transvaginal ultrasound-guided drainage is an effective and safe approach. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da aspiração transvaginal ecoguiada no tratamento dos abcessos tubo-ováricos. MÉTODOS: Análise descritiva de todas as pacientes com diagnóstico de abcesso tubo-ovárico tratadas com um procedimento minimamente invasivo, drenagem ecoguiada, no Serviço de Ginecologia do Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, durante um período de 5 anos (junho de 2009 a junho de 2014). RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis casos foram incluídos neste estudo, com média de idade de 42,8 anos. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas a punção aspirativa transvaginal ecoguiada e esclerose com solução iodada, associada a antibioterapia endovenosa de largo espectro de ação. O tempo médio desde a admissão até o procedimento de drenagem foi de 2,5 dias. Os exames culturais para micro-organismos aeróbicos e anaeróbicos foram positivos em 14/26 casos. Resposta completa com o tratamento instituído ocorreu em 23 dos 26 casos. Não houve registro de complicações ou morbilidade com os procedimentos de drenagem realizados. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento minimamente invasivo dos abcessos tubo-ováricos, com drenagem transvaginal ecoguiada, constitui uma abordagem terapêutica eficaz e segura. .